Spectrophotometer Concentration and Standard Curve Essay

Lab Report 4 Biology 103 Prof. Dr. Johnson Spectrophotometer; the finding of protein concentration of an unknown sample of BSA, and by using the standard curve. Abstract A spectrophotometer’s purpose is to use colors of the light spectrum to determine the concentration of light absorbing molecules in a solution. (p.59) In this particular lab, our mission was to determine the protein concentration and the standard curve of the unknown sample of BSA. This, by preparing five dilutions of the unknown solution of BSA together with other known concentrations, and then experimenting by observing how the concentrations were passed through the spectrophotometer. The outcome resolved in the absorption levels being decreased, and this†¦show more content†¦The same solution of 0.5 ml BSA was then added from test tube 1 to the test tube 2 after being properly mixed, and from test tube 2 the solution was being added to test tube 3, and so forth all the way up to test tube 5, with the same exact procedure. From the last tube, we then disposed the 0.5 ml solution. After above procedures, we now labeled another test tube â€Å"blank†; 0.5 ml blank distilled water was purred into the tube with the serial dilution of 1:10. We also had a tube C labeled â€Å"unknown† with the same 0.5 ml of solution. And after adding 5ml of Coomassie Blue to each tube (1-5) and to the blank, the result of absorbance was read at 595 nm. Result | Protein Concentration( µg/ml) | Absorbance(595 nm) | Tube 1 | 120 | .922 | Tube 2 | 60 | .557 | Tube 3 | 30 | .377 | Tube 4 | 15 | .180 | Tube 5 | 7.5 | .082 | Unknown: .759 | The ending result of this experiment confirms that as five test tubes are lined up with the varying level of absorbance, different results in the level of absorbance will appear as well, this is visible in above table. Thus, this is due to the varying amount of water in the solution. The blank sample had a 0.30 in its level of absorbance. 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Analysis Of The Movie The War Against Bullying

Deniz Hernandez Dr. Ball TH 4398 B April 2, 2015 â€Å"The War against Bullying† I. Introduction It started with the name-calling. We had just moved to Houston from California and I was about to begin the third grade at Thompson Elementary. I was â€Å"the new girl!† The â€Å"tall† girl with an â€Å"accent† that nobody wanted to be friends with. I was the â€Å"odd and ugly† girl in the third grade. It was a group of six boys and girls that decided to make my year miserable by bullying me. I never hated school so much. In fact, I remember frequently lying to my parents about being sick because, I did not want to attend school. However, the verbal and emotional abuse continued and I had decided to remain silent. According to the National Center for Education†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Its effects on victims, perpetrators, and even bystanders are both immediate and long term and can affect the development and functioning of individuals across generations.†(Donegan 2). What follows after this, will emphasize on the types of bullying, define the problem and its negative impact on students, and discuses nonviolent alternatives to address the matter. II. Definition of Bullying and Its effects According to research by the U.S. Department of Health Human Services, bullying is consider being a form of violence in schools and consists of two people, a bully or intimidator and a victim. â€Å"Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance†¦the behavior is repeated†¦or has the potential to be repeated, over time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"www.stopbullying.gov†) It includes direct or indirect actions such as hitting, verbally assaulting face-to-face, etc. or starting rumors and gossip with the intentions of ruining the victims’ self-esteem and gaining a sense of superiority and power over him or her. Research shows that bullying has a negative impact on the following: the target, the bully, bystanders, and the school environment. In fact, many victims of bullying experience depression, anxiety, feelings of loneliness and isolation, disconnection from school and lose interest in school. In addition, they have a higher risk of substance abuse and in extreme cases,

Euro Crisis Stand off Between France and Germany

Question: What have been the main roles performed by the International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank in resolving the financial crisis experienced by Greece in recent years? Answer: Introduction The major economic system in the world are going through a phase of turmoil with rising debt crisis. The economy of Greece has been experiencing crisis since the year 2009 which has had serious implications on the government debt sustainability which has increased from 103% of GDP to soaring over 170% of GDP, contracting the economy by 25% , raising unemployment to 25% and making the banking system unstable. (Bulmer, 2014)The Eurozone governments, International Monetary Fund(IMF) and European Central Bank (ECB) has adopted and implied a number of policies alongside measures in order to end the crisis. The crisis in Greece has affected other member states in the Eurozone as they share a common currency, monetary policy and controls fiscal and banking policies.(Blanchard, 2014) The report is a comprehensive reflection of the various endeavors that have been undertaken by International Monetary Fund (IMF) and European Central Bank (ECB) in resolving the financial crisis that Greece is experiencing in the recent period. IMF has 189 participating countries from around the world whereas ECB consists of the European countries that have agreed to the Eurozone agreement. The report deals with the financial assistance and mentoring help that IMF and ECB extended to Greece for a comprehensive bail out to emerge out of its crisis situation. The crisis in Greece started to grow since the 1990s when the government of the country adopted Euro as its national currency which resulted in lower borrowing costs. (Mitsopoulos, 2011)As Greeces policies were controlled by European Central Bank (ECB) rules and regulations, investors trusted the economy and started lending money. Majority of the funds were utilized for serving government spending, compensate for lower tax earning s. IMF and ECB have extended several financial assistance packages to the country to offset its current debt situation as discussed below.(Abboushi, 2011) Role of IMF ECB in Greece crisis Greece crisis was revealed in 2009 when the newly elected government revealed the budgetary deficits of the country, which distanced the country from capital markets as investors started growing uncertain regarding Greeces financial position. Greece position impacted other countries in the Eurozone as investors were hesitant regarding the sustainability of their public finances. Threatening the European banking system as a whole with slowed economic progress and increased unemployment, International Monetary Fund and European Central Bank extended benefits in the light of crisis.(Matsaganis, Social policy in hard times: The case of Greece. Critical Social Policy, 2012) In 2010 and 2012 IMF and other Eurozone government extended two financial package totaling to Euro 240billion. Greece utilized the fund for fiscal and structural adjustments that changed budget deficit from 9.9% of GDP to a surplus of 1.5% in 2014.(De Grauwe, What kind of governance for the eurozone?. , 2010) ECB responded to the Greece crisis by purchasing or pledging to purchase bonds in secondary market through Securities Market Program (SMP) and the Outright Monetary Transactions program (OMT). ECB had forwarded Euro 1 trillion through three-year, low cost loans or long-term refinancing operations (LTRO) into 800 banks in Eurozone. ECBs contributions has been greatly considered important in stabilizing Eurozone especially financial markets and in reducing crisis. ECB extended several purchases through the money market instruments available and also extended mentoring of the financial situation to help Greece bailout of its current economic crisis. However Germany was opposed to the idea of extending help to Greece. Greece a member of Eurozone was feared to spread its crisis to the other European countries. IMF major shareholder being USA supported Greece and extended financial assistance package and also regular mentoring to help Greece bailout of its current situation.(Roubini, 2010) Greece upon receiving the first financial assistance failed to adopt economic reforms related to taxes, fiscal targets, pensions and debt levels. The government highlighted that the first assistance was utilized in paying off most of the past debt payments, upon being deferring payments to creditors. The country called for disbursing the second financial assistance Euro 7.2 billion as it altered on its payments to the IMF in 2015 Euro 1.5 billion. Hence IMF along with other Eurozone countries agreed on extending the third financial assistance package. IMF hence provided a Euro 30 billion under Stand-By-Arrangement(SBA) through its standard lending instruments.(De Santis, 2012) Greece had several governments change during the period of crisis which led to inappropriate applications of required reforms in the country. (Stuckler, 2012) The agreement that IMF and ECB made to finance Greece with Euro 110 Billion financial package along with certain reforms that the country had to make. IMF will analyze the progress of Greece on its assistance on quarterly basis. The following reforms were demanded from Greece in exchange for the assistance. (Bohn, The 2010 euro crisis stand-off between France and Germany: leadership styles and political culture., 2011) Reduce Debt: Greece was continuously unable to repay its loans to IMF and ECB , there needed to be reforms made in its policy. The allocation of the funds of the financial assistance needed to be applied appropriately for it be able to repay back its loans in time. The agreement was made in the light that Greece would be able to tackle its debts and start a growth trajectory within the country. IMF and ECB was deeply interested in seeing the procedure Greece embraced in terms of budgetary cuts, freezing wages and pension for three consecutive years and increase tax. (Blanchard, 2014)These measures would directly address Greeces fiscal and debt issues and will enable the economy utilize the financial assistance for deep reforms to strengthen the economy and put it back on growth tracks. The Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou as well as European Union Economic and Monetary Affairs Commissioner Olli Rehn and IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn agreed that massive measures w ere adopted to prevent further crisis and gain control over Greeces public finances which will eventually modernize the Greek economy. IMF extended these measures as a means for Greece to overcome its current crisis levels. Greece could only reduce its burden of debt by repaying off its previous loans with proper financial planning of its fiscals.(Janssen, 2010) In order to make Greeces government finances sustainable and reducing its fiscal deficits the debt to GDP ratio needs to be on a downward trending. The wages and social benefits is 75 % of total public spending in Greece. The government will curtail any programs that extend social security benefits but will continue to provide benefit to the vulnerable.(MLA, 2011) The pension program will discourage early retirement and encourage to work for more number of years. (Matsaganis, The welfare state and the crisis: the case of Greece, 2011).The government also proposed to curb military expenditure in the period. To improve current business climate: IMF and ECB implied that Greece adopting the measures suggested by them in the international front would not only allow the economy recover from the past but also improve its overall business climate. Though IMF recognizes that the initial period will be stressful for Greece but the fiscal measures reforms would help make the economy more dynamic and robust.(Lattemann, 2008) The measures suggested by IMF and ECB will help Greece be on a growth trajectory, create more jobs and an environment for future sustainability. IMF further suggested that Greece adopt steps to reform its current labor market and labor market policies that will enable it to generate better incomes, will attract investment in state enterprises improving the overall business environment. Foreign investors have become hesitant about investing into Greece companies and state control enterprises but adopting suitable reforms and lowering overall salaries in the labor market will at tract those investors. (Mitsopoulos, 2011)These increased numbers of businesses in the country will generate jobs and pay taxes which will create earnings for the government. The government of Greece was also instructed by IMF and ECB to reform policies in regards to waste as that would greatly impact utility from products and reduce wastes.(Matsaganis, Social policy in hard times: The case of Greece. Critical Social Policy, 2012) Greece needed to also adopt stringent measures to fight corruption by elimination non-transparent procuring practices. IMF along with ECB wanted Greece to improve the existing business environment including political, technological, social changes in the country. (Mamadouh, 2011)IMF and ECB indicated that the environment for conducting business in Greece was not appropriate as people tend to retire early and enjoy pension benefits also the bodies aimed to curb the several benefits the governments extends to the people on summer, Christmas, Easter bonuses . This social reform was meant to encourage people to work more and would d also encourage several foreign companies to set up their facilities in Greece. (Douzinas) Accept Measures: Greece would accept any measures that IMF Managing Director and European countries extend. According to direction given by IMF and ECB Greek governmental authorities started consolidate fiscal measures to 5% of GDP and accept legislative actions. (De Santis, 2012)Great emphasis was made to provide fair measures within the economy that included protection of the most vulnerable. The measure stress of IMF was put on tackling twin issues within Greece of debt and competitiveness.(Visvizi, 2012). IMF and ECB identified through their constant monitoring of the Greece economy that the impounding debt and financial crisis in Greece was majorly allocated to its inability to accept measures laid down by them and incapability within its economy to accept modernized measures. IMF and ECB both proposed at modernization of the Greece economy in the light of the crisis that was overhauling its economy. But earlier governments had failed to assess the graveness of the situation and the results that could come from Greece not reforming its policies. Earlier government had used the recurring financial help to repay off its existing debts, interests and to fund government expenditures. In the final assistance package extended by IMF it was agreed that Greece will have to accept the remedial measures as suggested on its current economic status and accept the necessary implications that arise from applying such measures. Making Greece economy competitive : Greece would adopt measures to reform its policies to these waste reduction, reduce tax evasion and provide protection to the poor. IMF proposed that Greece needed to make its economy more competitive in order to make it pro-growth which implied that policies and reforms that were traditional in nature needed to be modernized. (De Grauwe, What kind of governance for the eurozone?. , 2010)Modernization of the Greek economy will open up opportunities for all, indigenous as well as foreign investors. Competitiveness measures as indicated by IMF directed at cost controlling and reduction of inflation such that Greece could regain control over prices and ensure price competitiveness. (Knight, 2015) Greece was at a budgetary deficit of 13.6% of GDP with public debt mounting to 115% of GDP in 2009. The Greece government in response to IMF indications aimed to consolidate fiscal deficits to 11% of GDP and designed adjustments such that general government deficit rounds of to 3% by 2014 as against 13.6% in the year 2011. (Wyplosz, 2012)Greece economy was functioning at the tail end of Eurozone countries prior to its crisis period. This further made the crisis financially and economically to settle in Greece easily.(Chamley, 2011) The governmental spending measures will be targeted to yield savings of 51/4% of GDP throughout 2013. The government also aimed to freeze pension and wages for three years and abolish payment during Christmas, Easter and summer bonuses while accommodating the lowest income group.(Matsaganis, Social policy in hard times: The case of Greece. Critical Social Policy, 2012) The financial markets in Greece especially the debt market major restructuring. Lenders and international investors were weary regarding Greece financial markets capability to deliver. IMF and ECB wanted Greece to increase its ratings in financial markets such that it could attract investments.(Mantanika, 2011) The major governmental revenues raised through value-added tax, taxes on luxury items, tobacco, alcohol and so on will raise a 4% of GDP in 2013 alone. The government will administer a stringent measure to collect taxes from individuals especially those susceptible to tax evasion.(De Santis, 2012) The tax system was also meant to safeguard revenue from large taxpayers. The budgetary controls were also regarded as an important step in controlling deficits and reduce burdens of debt. The net gain from administering structural reforms was expected to be 1.8% of GDP in the program period.(Lapavitsas, 2012) A Financial Stability Fund was created from the external sources of financing received to ensure proper bank equity and avoid misappropriation of funds. Previous governments in the beginning of the crisis period had misappropriated the funds meant for the country bailing out of the crisis period. This led apprehension in the mind of ECB as well as IMF in regards t its capabilities to repay off dents. Hence IMF on its quarterly monitoring indicated that the country devise a mechanism whereby the financial assistances can be redirected to yield much better results for the country.(Bohn, The 2010 euro crisis stand-off between France and Germany: leadership styles and political culture. , 2011) Conclusions Greece has been gradually recovering from its state of crisis with the several aids that it has received. The financial aid that has been forwarded by IMF and ECB in times of financial breakdown helped the economy regain back its economy and keep the basics functioning. However the most valuable input to the country had been the policies and propositions that IMF along with ECB suggested to help restructure its economy. (De Santis, 2012)Though majority of the steps came at considerable costs and raised speculations regarding the economies stability and viability. Yet the country has been able to bail out of its extreme crisis situation but is yet to get back on its growth trajectory. (De Grauwe, Greece is solvent but illiquid: What should the ECB do? (No. 10694), 2015) The IMF fears while forwarding financial assistance to Greece had been related to the countrys capability in accepting and adopting the major economic reforms. The Eurozone had feared that the countrys crisis could spread to other countries in the Europe that extended help. As Eurozone is bounded by common currency, monetary, banking and fiscal policies, they were apprehensive that extending help to Greece could easily have an effect on the Euro currency rates and raise levels of inflation. The role of IMF had been significant when considering the totality of the situation in which Greece was entangled and from where the country has recovered. (Stuckler, 2012)The IMF major shareholder USA had been very positive about Greece gaining back but was refuted several times as Greece failed initially to adopt the measures suggested by IMF Director. The Greece economy is a major economy in the Eurozone but Germany had severely opposed to IMF endeavors to help Greece bail out. IMF had failed t o assess the debt sustainability of Greece as most of its loans gets extended. Though the costs of financial assistance from IMF is quite high yet it has overlooked all Greeces fallouts and extended loan repayments till 2040 until which Greece gets time to reform and deliver.(Bohn, The 2010 euro crisis stand-off between France and Germany: leadership styles and political culture. , 2011) References Abboushi, S. (2011). Analysis and outlook of the Greek Financial Crisis. Journal of Global Business Management, 7(1), 1. Blanchard, O. J. (2014). Labor market policies and IMF advice in advanced economies during the Great Recession. IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 3(1), 1-23. Bohn, F. . (2011). The 2010 euro crisis stand-off between France and Germany: leadership styles and political culture. International Economics and Economic Policy, 8(1), 7-14. Bohn, F. . (2011). The 2010 euro crisis stand-off between France and Germany: leadership styles and political culture. . Economics and Economic Policy, 8(1), 7-14. Bulmer, S. (2014). Germany and the eurozone crisis: between hegemony and domestic politics. West European Politics, 37(6), 1244-1263. Chamley, C. P. (2011). Why official bailouts tend not to work: an example motivated by Greece 2010. The Economists' Voice, 8(1). De Grauwe, P. (2010). What kind of governance for the eurozone?. . CEPS Policy Brief, (214). De Grauwe, P. (2015). Greece is solvent but illiquid: What should the ECB do? (No. 10694). Centre for European Policy Studies. Douzinas, C. (n.d.). Philosophy and Resistance in the Crisis: Greece and the Future of Europe. 2013: John Wiley Sons. Janssen, R. (2010). Greece and the IMF: Who Exactly is being Saved?. Cent. for Econ. and Policy Res,, 1611. Knight, D. M. (2015). History, time, and economic crisis in central Greece. Palgrave Macmillan. Lapavitsas, C. (2012). Crisis in the Eurozone. Verso Books. Lattemann, S. . (2008). Environmental impact and impact assessment of seawater desalination. Desalination, 220(1), 1-15. Mamadouh, V. . (2011). Financial, Monetary and governance crisis: an outlook on the euro (zone). Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 102(1), 111-118. Mantanika, R. . (2011). The spatiality of a social struggle in Greece at the time of the IMF: Reflections on the 2011 mass migrant hunger strike in Athens. City. 15(3-4), 482-490. Matsaganis, M. (2011). The welfare state and the crisis: the case of Greece. Journal of European Social Policy, 501-512. Matsaganis, M. (2012). Social policy in hard times: The case of Greece. Critical Social Policy. 0261018312444417. Mitsopoulos, M. . (2011). Understanding the crisis in Greece: from boom to bust. Palgrave Macmillan. MLA. (2011). Analysis and outlook of the Greek Financial Crisis. Journal of Global Business Management, 7(1), 1.Roubini, N. M. (2010). Crisis economics. Penguin Audio. Stuckler, D. . (2012). There is an alternative: public health professionals must not remain silent at a time of financial crisis. European Journal of Public Health, 22(1), 2-3. Visvizi, A. (2012). The crisis in Greece and the EU-IMF rescue package: Determinants and pitfalls. Acta oeconomica, 62(1), 15-39. Wyplosz, C. (2012). The ECBs trillion euro bet. VoxEU, February (www. voxeu. org/article/ecb-s-trillion-euro-bet). Disappearig government bond spreads in the eurozone back to normal

The Wolf of Wall Street The Rich Life Essays - Film, Finance

The Wolf of Wall Street: The Rich Life What is the secret to becoming filthy rich in the stock market in the modern age? In just under forty years, Apple, a company which began trading publicly in 1980, has created more than $1 trillion in net wealth for investors.The previous chart-topper. Warren Buffett once said " The stock market is a device for transferring money from the impatient to the patient." Warren, Buffett. WiseGeek defines net wealth as ' the total value of assets owned by an individual, company, or other type of organization, less any current liabilities. The goal of most businesses and households alike is to generate a positive net wealth, meaning that the total value of asset surpasses the total amount of debt that is currently owed."' The movie known as The Wolf of Wall Street, directed by Martin Scorsese, a drama/biography defines their American dream as not about becoming middle children and having your kids go to college, but is about becoming ridiculously rich. But the institutions that al low people to become ridiculously rich (wall street bank etc) are not open to people with the wrong background and without the correct connections and breeding. So in light of that contradiction, the only way for normals to achieve the American dream is to find something that is in a grey area of the law . I gave the movie a 5 star simply because it was motivational, inspirational and informative. I thought this movie would be boring at first because it has to do with the stock market and Wall Street which basically deal with numbers all day, long but after I watched the movie, my way of thinking completely changed. Haris 2 The Wolf of Wall Street includes talented and phenomenal actors and actresses. Leonardo DiCaprio, the main character, performed as Jordan Belfort, a american dreamer Which chases a desire of becoming world's most powerful and rich individual with his friends that he helped get rich. Margot Robbie performed as Naomi Lapaglia, a beautiful girl from Dutch which creates a personal bond with the main character and marry with him later on movie. Jonah Hill performed as Donnie Azoff, a middle class worker lives in the same building that Jordan Belfort does. Azoff finds himself confronting Jordan Belfort in shop which is the moment his life changes from a middle class worker to an independent higher class individual. Jon Bernthal performed as Brad, a drug dealer which becomes a close partner with Jordan Belfort after the main character decides to create of his own firm to become financially independent. The movie begins by describing Belfort's first day as a junior stockbroker on Wall S treet. Surrounded by power play ers who live to be rich, get richer or die trying. Jordan has the opportunity to watch and learn firsthand the rules of the game. Little did he know he was stepping into a world where drugs, alcohol, corruption and prostitution are daily occurrences. A few years later, Jordan, who has been dreaming of truly becoming a successful stockbroker in his own right, has left Wall Street and has decided to start his own firm: Stratton Oakmont (SO) in Long Island, New York. Not only is he making millions of dollars daily and illegally at SO, but his firm and wild stockbrokers are the pure definition of debauchery; parties and sexual acts performed with hookers in the office, illegal pills and cocaine - to name but a few - can be found in abundance. This is an outrageous story of a man who had it all, i.e., money, status, prestige, a wife and children, yet who could not help wanting more. A man whose inexcusable greed led him to rob millions of innocent Amer icans so as to enable him to Haris 3 continue in this life of abuse, excesses, perversions and self-destructing behavior. Until he got caught. Jordan Belfort is very successful in his effort at becoming rich. His way of thinking or his mindset were not surely not always effective but they eventually came to be very major in his path of success and they did pay off at the end. Jordan Belfort kept thriving for money even

Gerbners Cultural Mythology Applied to Violence in Music Vi essays

Gerbners Cultural Mythology Applied to Violence in Music Vi essays Acts of violence portrayed by artists in music videos usually depicts actions that represent a message within the lyrics of the song. However, these images can be damaging to the mentality of those viewing, which has prompted much debate among parents who wish to censor offensive lyrics and images portrayed in current popular music. With ongoing violence in schools and in neighborhoods among youths of ages that seem to be younger than ever imagined, one has to wonder if the images seen on television, especially in music videos, desensitize their perception of violence. Some music videos tend to almost glamorize violent acts, presenting the idea that such acts are normal and acceptable within society. Gerbner presents three consequences of viewing violence on television from the time of infancy. Programming reinforces the worst fears and apprehensions and paranoia of people. (Gerbner, 1994) Gerbner implies that being exposed to larger amounts of television violence will lead one to believe that they live in a mean world. People exposed to a lesser amount of television violence will not share these same apprehensions about society. Another consequence of watching a lot of television is that one comes to believe that the violence portrayed on television is normal that everybody does it, and that its a good way of solving problems. (Gerbner, 1994) This viewpoint is a prime example of how influential the actions of music artists in their videos are on the youths who mimic their behaviors when dealing with their own personal situations. They feel that if their favorite artist behaves this way that it is not only acceptable, but also cool for them to behave in the same manner. The third consequence is the pervasive sense of insecurity and vulnerability. (Gerbner, 1994) Gerbner suggests that the more people watch television, the less likely they are to go out and socialize with others. This isolation and...

The Ultimate SAT Study Guide for SAT Prep

The Ultimate SAT Study Guide for SAT Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips At PrepScholar, we've writtenthe largest set of high-quality SAT guides available, covering pretty much everything you need to know to improve your score on the SAT. They're all free and online, right here on our blog, and we think they beat any book you can purchase. This guide, our Ultimate SAT Prep Study Guide, combines our most important SAT guides on one page. If you master all of the concepts linked to on this page, use them in your own practice and studying, and stay motivated to work hard, you'll have an amazing shot at improving your SAT score. Essentially, you'll have a huge advantage over students who don't know this information and lack the motivation to employ it in their own studying. First we'll cover how to use this guide. We'll then go through, section by section, what's important for you to know. Here's an outline of what's coming next: How to Use This SAT Study Guide Intro to the SAT The Right Mindset for SAT Prep SAT Content and Strategies Overall SAT Test Strategy SAT Reading Prep Guides SAT Writing Prep Guides SAT Math Prep Guides SAT Essay Prep Guides SAT Logistics and Planning How to Use This SAT StudyGuide This guide contains the information we believe is most important for all students taking the SAT to know. It's ordered roughly in the sequence we recommend reading the articles in. This guide also serves as a launching point for further reading. Many of these links will direct you to pages with more links, and you should explore the resources we link to that you find helpful. There's a lot to read here, and you probably won't be able to do it all in one sitting. If you find this guide helpful, bookmark this page or email it to yourself to remind yourself to come back to it later. You'll notice as you read further that we cover a lot more than just test content, which is where most students tend to focus too much of their time. Rather, we also cover test strategy, mindset, behavior and motivation, and planning in the context of college admissions. If you're serious about improving your SAT score, you need a lot of information. It's not just about SAT test content- you also need to master test strategy so that you can apply your foundational knowledge to the specific format of the SAT. You need to have the right mindset as you approach the test and understand the perspective of the College Board, the SAT's creator. You need to stay motivated to be able to push through the dark days when you don't feel like doing SAT prep. You also need to consider what your college goals are, find an SAT score target that's right for you, and plan the logistics of taking the SAT. I encourage you to even read the guides about subjects you feel like you already know. In the worst case, you'll just spend 10 minutes refreshing important concepts. In the best case, you'll learn a new aspect of SAT prep that can have a big impact on how you study. Intro to the SAT If you're a beginner in SAT prep, it's important to understand the format of the SAT, what's tested, and how it works. This section will give you a strong foundation to help you understand the test more deeply. Complete Guide to the New SAT The SAT underwent a huge transformation in 2016, so it's important to know the basics about the test and its format. What kinds of sections are on it? What do questions look like? Start building your foundation here. What's Actually Tested on the SAT Reading Section? SAT Reading Skills What's Tested on the SAT Math Section? Topics and Practice What's Tested on the SAT Writing Section? Grammar and Questions Next, learn what's tested on each of the three sections on the SAT: Reading, Math, and Writing and Language. Each of these guides covers the format of the section, question types, and the skills you'll need to have to do well. How Is the SAT Scored? Scoring Charts You know that your SAT score will likely be an important part of college admissions. But how is the test graded to arrive at a final score out of 1600? What happens when you skip or miss questions? How is each section scored out of 800? Learn here in this guide. What Is the Average SAT Score? SAT Percentiles and Score Rankings It's good for you to get a sense of what SAT scores are considered good on a nationwide scale. These guides tell you the average SAT score overall and for each state, and your national percentile for your score. Is the ACT Easier Than the SAT? This is a common question. If you're trying to decide between focusing on the SAT or the ACT, it's important to understand exactly what the differences are and how to decide which test to take. Here's a clear breakdown of each test with strategies for figuring out the right test for you. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! The Right Mindset for SAT Prep What many students don't appreciate is that doing well on the SAT is as much about good planning and your mental mindset as it is about understanding the stuff that's actually tested. This section contains concepts that arecritical for all students to understand before they spend any timedoing even a single test question. Why Is the SAT Important for Your College Goals? You know that you need to take the SAT to get into college. But why do colleges actually care about the SAT? Couldn't they just use your grades and application to evaluate you? The SAT serves a critical function in college applications by comparing you on equal footing with the rest of the country. Learn more about how the SAT achieves that here. What Is a Good SAT Score? A Bad SAT Score? An Excellent SAT Score? This is a question on nearly every student's mind. You've likely heard from other students, your parents, or teachers about what a good SAT score is or isn't.If they've given you a specific number without any reasoning or logic behind it, they're dead wrong. The truth is, there's only one SAT target score that's good for you and your personal college goals. It's not what your friends think you should get, and it's not what your parents keep telling you to aim for. Figure out what your target SAT score should be in this guide. How to Beat Procrastination in Your SAT Prep A common problem in pretty much everyone's life is procrastination. We put off unpleasant tasks for later because we're pretty sure we'll get around to them - and watching YouTubevideos feels so much better right now. This is a huge problem for a lot of students and their SAT prep. Studying isn't nearly as fun as texting or Snapchatting, and the test seems so far away. It's often really hard to sit down for five hours a week and actually commit to working through problems and improving your SAT skills. So wewrote a practical guide to beating procrastination. You'll learn about why people procrastinate and how this problem applies to SAT prep, too. More importantly, we share specific strategies you can use to stop procrastinating in your test prep. How to Get a Perfect 1600 SAT Score, by a 2400 Expert Full Scorer If you're aiming for a high SAT score, this is a must-read guide. Even if you're aiming for any score above a 1200, I recommend reading this guide. I've gottenperfect scores on two versions of the SAT: back in 2004 when it was (originally) out of 1600, and later when it was out of 2400 (now the test is back to the 1600 scale!). My perfect scores didn't magically happen - they took a lot of hard work. In this perfect score guide, I've put every important concept that I believe you must understand to get a super high SAT score.This guide doesn't contain any actual test content; it's more about the mental game of understanding why your score is low, where your weaknesses lie, and strategizing focused attacks on your weaknesses to improve your score. SAT Content and Strategies By reading the guides above, you'll have a strong mental framework for understanding what the SAT is andhow you can do well on the test. Next comes the part where you'll be spending most of your time - mastering the concepts and skills tested on the SAT. Section by section, we'll go through the most important guides you need to read. Overall SAT Test Strategy The Best Way to Review Your Mistakes for the SAT A lot of driven students prep for the SAT by doing a ton of practice questions without any insight. They churn through practice tests mindlessly without reviewing their mistakes or understanding how to improve. Why? It feels great, and it feels like progress. This is a critical mistake - it's like pounding your head against the wall. If you don't do practice problems and review themwith the right perspective, you'll be wasting hours of your time. In this guide, we teach you how to use every mistake you make on the SAT to identify your weaknesses and improve your prep. Best SAT Prep Books 2018 Are you a self-studier who plans to study for the SAT using books alone? We've reviewed the best books currently available for SAT prep in this guide. We talk about the best books for overall studying and for each section, as well as books you should avoid. Even if you're being tutored or taking a prep class, this article is still useful to read to see if there's anything you can supplement your studying with. The Best SAT Prep Websites You Should Be Using If you prefer to study online, then this list is for you. It contains all the best SAT websites, from strategy guides, to study tips, to high-quality practice questions for all sections of the SAT. Websites are a great way to do some quick studying as well as a way to prep without needing to carry around a prep book. SAT Reading Prep Guides The #1 Critical, Fundamental Strategy of SAT Reading If there's only one guide you read for SAT Reading, make it this one. On SAT Reading, do you ever find yourself waffling between two or three answer choices that all seem plausible? Do you throw up your hands and just guess on one of them? Nearly all studentssuffer from this problem. That's because they don't understand the #1 critical rule about SAT Reading: every question has only one unambiguously correct answer, and every other answer is unambiguously wrong for specific reasons. In this guide, you'll learn this concept in detail and get strategies for identifying incorrect answers on SAT Reading questions. The UltimateStudy Guide for SAT Reading: Strategies, Tips, and Practice This guide contains everything you need to know about SAT Reading in one place. We cover every single question type, with custom strategies on how to attack each one. Every great SAT Reading prep guide we've created can be found on this page! The Best Way to Read the Passage in SAT Reading SAT Reading gives you passages and a bunch of questions about each passage. How you read passages and approach their questions (and in which order) dramatically affects how well you'll be able to answer the questions. Many students use ineffective strategies to attack these passages, costing them valuable time and points. Here, you'll learn our recommended approach to SAT Reading passages. The Best Way to Study SAT Vocab Words Vocabulary isn't a huge part of the SAT anymore, but you'll need to how to study it if you're aiming for a perfect or near-perfect Reading score. My strategy teaches you how to memorize SAT vocab words so that you use your prep time effectively. How to Improve Your SAT Reading Score: 8 Strategies Are you scoring below 600 on SAT Reading? The first thing you should do, then, is aim to break 600. The strategies you'll need to use are quite different from the ones you'd use if you were aiming for 800. For example, we recommend skipping harder questions to help you maximize your score in the short amount of time you have. How to Get 800 on SAT Reading: 11 Strategies by a Perfect Scorer Aiming for a high score on SAT Reading (above 600)? This guide covers everything you need to understand to give yourself a great shot at a perfect score. We teach you how to pinpoint your biggest weaknesses, give you strategies to fix them, and explain the mindset you'll need when practicing for SAT Reading. SAT Writing Prep Guides What Is SAT Writing and Language? 5 Tips to Excel SAT Writing tests grammar rules in a very strange way; it's not at all like the grammar tests you've taken throughout your schooling. Here, we discuss the unique style of the SAT Writing section and strategies you need to succeed in it. The Complete Guide to SAT Grammar Rules The core of SAT Writing is its grammar rules. Subject/verb agreement, pronoun usage, and writing style are all tested in this multiple-choice section. Read our extensive guide to learn every grammar rule you'll need to know for Writing. The Complete Prep Guide for SAT Writing: Grammar, Strategies, and Practice This guide contains everything else you need for SAT Writing, including detailed guides for every single grammar rule tested. We teach you expert strategies for attacking different question types, and give you tips on how to eliminate answers. We also offer our best advice on how to practice SAT Writing questions effectively. How to Improve Your SAT Writing Score: 8 Key Strategies Are you scoring in the 300-600 range on SAT Writing?The first thing you should do is reach 600. There are a few specific strategies you can use to raise your score quickly: learn and practice the most important grammar rules that appear, skip the hardest questions, and figure out how to pick the right answer. How to Get 800 on SAT Writing: 11 Strategies From a Perfect Scorer Aiming for a high score on SAT Writing(above 600)? This guide covers the core strategies you need to use as you aim for perfection. We'll cover how to learn every grammar rule to mastery, how to train your weaknesses in a focused way, and what it takes to get 800 on test day. SAT Math Prep Guides Heart of Algebra: Key Strategies for SAT Math 3 Key Strategies for SAT Passport to Advanced Math Problem Solving and Data Analysis: Key SAT Math Concepts SAT Math is divided into three main content types: Heart of Algebra, Passport to Advanced Math, and Problem Solving and Data Analysis. These guides not only give you an overview of the kinds of problems you can expect but also offer expert tips for attacking math questions effectively. The Complete Guide to SAT Math Word Problems Many students find word problems to be the trickiest problems on SAT Math, and since they make up about 25% of math questions, you need to know how to tackle them. This guide explains how to approach and simplify word problems so they're less intimidating and can be answered easily. The 28 Critical SAT Math Formulas You MUST Know To answer SAT Math questions both quickly and correctly, it really helps to know the important formulas you'll need for the test. Memorizing these 28 critical formulas and knowing how to apply them to new questions will not only empower you but also improve your Math score. The Ultimate SAT Math Prep Guide: Tips, Formulas, and Practice We've written a ton of content about SAT Math, and it's all available here in this guide. We cover every major math concept tested, from integers and rational numbers to advanced algebra and solid geometry. Read this guide to get the rundown of every critical idea you need to know for a great SAT Math score. 7 Most Common SAT Math Mistakes and How to Avoid Them Don't let little mistakes keep you from getting the SAT Math score you want on test day. In this guide, we go over the most common mistakes test takers make on the Math section, such as forgetting formulas and solving for the wrong value, and teach you how to avoid making them. How to Improve Low SAT Math Scores: 9 Strategies Are you scoring in the 300-600 range on SAT Math? This guide shows you how to think about the Math section correctly and how to apply test strategies to give yourself the best chance at improving. In particular, we discuss how to avoid getting bogged down by questions that are too hard for your level, and how to use your study time effectively. How to Get 800 on SAT Math, by a Perfect Scorer Aiming for a high score on SAT Math (above a 600)? You'll learn the key strategies you need to use to master every math concept tested and to analyze your mistakes. We also cover how to eliminate careless mistakes - a common problem for people aiming for those last points - and how to put yourself in the right mindset for a perfect score. SAT Essay Prep Guides Should I Take the SAT Essay? How to Decide The SAT Essay isoptional, raising an important question: should you take it or should you skip it? This guide goes over the most important factors to consider when deciding whether the essay is essential for your success. SAT Essay Prompts: The Complete List Knowing the kinds of prompts to expect from the SAT Essay can go a long way to helping you feel prepared to get a high score. In this guide, we've compiled a list of 11 official SAT essay prompts the College Board has released. It's the most comprehensive set of new SAT essay prompts available online, and reading through them will give you a better understanding of the types of prompts you can expect to see and what graders will be looking for. How to Write an SAT Essay, Step by Step With this expert guide, you'll learn the essay structure that the SAT expects and get specific tips on how to read the passage, organize your response, and use your time wisely. Follow all of the advice here and you're guaranteed a strong essay score. The Ultimate SAT Essay Study Guide: Tips and Review For a complete collection of all of our best and most important SAT Essay guides, definitely check out this link. We give you everything you need to know to get a high score on the essay, including a list of colleges that require the SAT Essay, actual essay prompts, and sample essays for a variety of prompts. SAT Essay Tips: 15 Ways to Improve Your Score Not scoring as highly as you'd like to on the SAT Essay? Then check out this guide. We give you the best tips you'll need to know, from developing a clear thesis to writing more than one page,to get at least a 6|6|6 essay on test day. How to Get a Perfect 8|8|8 SAT Essay Score Aiming for perfection on the SAT Essay? In this article, we reveal our best tips for scoring 8s on all three essay rubrics. Specifically, we explain how a 6 essay differs from an 8 essay, and give you an essential list of do's and don'ts to think about when writing your response. SAT Logistics and Planning A major part of doing well on the SAT is higher-level planning strategy. When should you take the SAT? How many times should you take it? How long should you study? These are all important points to consider when structuring your SAT prep time and preparing college applications. When Should You Take the SAT? Best Test Dates Planning out your SAT testing schedule is really important to doing well. If taking the SAT more than once (which we recommend), you'll need ample time to prep in-between test dates and hopefully improve your score. In this guide, you'll learn a solid SAT-test-date strategy that works well for most students. We'll also busta common myth about SAT test dates and curves. 2018 2019 Full Review of Every SAT Test Date Here's a list of every SAT test date available this school year, including registration deadlines and when you can expect to get your scores. We also cover the latest dates by which you can take the SAT for early admission and regular decision deadlines for colleges. How Long Should I Study for the SAT? 6-Step Guide This is a key question on most students' minds, and the answer is that it really depends on your personal goals, where you currently are in your prep, and your potential to improve. This guide breaks down what you need to understand to reach your SAT score target in a timely manner. Which Colleges Superscore the SAT? SAT Superscoring is the practice of combining your best section scores from different test dates to create a Superscore. (The College Board's technical term for this is "SAT Score Choice.") A lot of schools now allow it, which has huge implications for your test strategy. In short, the more times you take the SAT, the greater your chance of increasing your score will be. This guide gives you a list of all colleges that currently Superscore the SAT. Concluding Words Congratulations on making it to the end! By now, you should have clicked on at least a few of the dozens of guides listed here. Read them, see if you like the advice we give, and then use them as launching points to even more guides. You might not get through all of this information in one sitting, so bookmark this page or email it to yourself as a reminder to come back later. There's a lot to learn out there - that's the first step. The hard part that comes after, though, is actually applying the knowledge you've learned and putting it into action. It won't be easy, but it'll definitely be worthwhile for your future. Soldier on. What's Next? Need help with your SAT prep?Allow us to give you a hand. Our online, customizable SAT prep program supplies you with realistic SAT practice questions and targets your biggest weaknesses to help you achieve the scores you need for college. Taking the ACT instead of or in addition to the SAT?Then you'll benefit greatly by taking a look at our ultimate ACT guide. Like this guide, we give you tons of free links and resources so that you can have a successful test day! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

The Worlds Most Ethical Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

The Worlds Most Ethical Companies - Essay Example It also merged with the Quaker Oats Company in 2001. Currently, the company is distributing and providing food and beverages in more than 200 countries in the World. The PepsiCo Company produces several products that gain a large market share in the market compared to other products. Their main product categories include soft drinks, snacks, side dishes, rice snacks, cereals, energy drinks, coffee drinks and breakfast bars. PepsiCo’s business success is as a result of their moral responsibility and treatment to customers, employees and the environment. The company has appropriate and perfect treatment strategies to customers and employees. In addition, it is sensitive to environmental conservation and prevention of environmental pollution (PepsiCo, 2014). First, PepsiCo Company relates well with its customers. This enhances increased sales and improved relations with the customers. The company is socially responsible and sustainable and has a sound advertising strategy with more than forty slogans and songs. These slogans and songs are keys advertising strategy that the company incorporates. Secondly, the company offers promotion to its customers. This is a good strategy of improving customer relations. Late in 2003, Pepsi joined hands with Apple computers and announced promotion that would give one hundred million songs to Pepsi consumers. These free songs were from Apple’s iTunes music store which is a digital music download provider. The promotion initiative places specific codes in one litre bottles of Pepsi, Diet Pepsi, and Sierra Mist. The winning codes get free songs in the iTunes music store. The promotion is an example of PepsiCo’s strategy of capturing young customers. PepsiCo has three Pepsi zone lounge in California, Florida and Illinois. These lounges feature plasma TVs screens, couches, video games and computer stations. Everything in the lounge is free except the Pepsi vending machine which carries a variety of Pepsi